ENHANCED COMPATIBILITY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF PVDF-HFP-BASED GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTE WITH PEROVSKITE (CaTiO3) ANODE FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE SODIUM-ION BATTERIES
Sodium is also relatively inexpensive, and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are proposed to be safer and more affordablecompared to lithium-ion battery systems, which makes it one of the alternatives to large-scale energy storage. Yet, there are still limitations in their performance due to low ionic conductivity, unstable cycling, andtheincompatibility of electrolytes. The three gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) utilised in this work are poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), polyethene oxide (PEO), as well as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incomplete cell topologies with an anode of CaTiO3 and a cathode of NaCoO2. The structural, morphological, andelectrochemical analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electronmicroscopy (FESEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), as well asgalvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). The greatest interfacial resistance (0.6 ohms), heat stability (around 330°C), and ionic conductivity (1.5 x 10 -4 S cm-1) were all exhibited by PVDF-HFP. A discharge capacity of 130 mAh per g- 1 with over 98 per cent Coulombic efficiency was demonstrated by the optimised CaTiO3/PVDF-HFP/NaCoO2 complete cell, even after 50 cycles. According to the findings, PVDF-HFP is an appropriate stabiliser that preservesthe electrode-electrolyte interface while enhancing overall electrochemical activity. In order to accomplish friendlyDevelopment Goal (SDG)- 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), the effort results in the development of sodium-ionenergy storage devices that are efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly.
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