UNLOCKING THE PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIALOFStenochlaena palustris: BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDSANDTHERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES
Stenochlaena palustris, commonly known as kalakai, is a tropical fern widely distributed across Southeast Asia andtraditionally valued as both a vegetable and a herbal remedy. Recent studies have highlighted its diversepharmacological properties, supported by bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. Theseconstituents contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, and wound-healing activities, while evidence also suggests potential benefits in anaemia, diabetes, cancer, malaria, and maternal health. Additional findings indicate protective roles against heavy metal toxicity, ultraviolet radiation, and metabolicdisorders, including obesity. Despite these promising results, current research remains largely limited to in vitroandsmall-scale in vivo studies, with insufficient clinical validation. Standardised extraction protocols, comprehensivesafety assessments, and well-designed clinical trials are essential to confirm efficacy and ensure safe application. Overall, Stenochlaena palustris represents a promising natural resource that integrates traditional knowledge withemerging therapeutic potential.
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