ENHANCEMENT OF WATER RESISTANCE IN ABACA BANANA STALK FIBER MOLDED PULP USING ALKYL KETENE DIMER (AKD) FOR FOOD PACKAGING
The present study investigates the fabrication and characterization of molded pulp derived from abaca banana stalkfibers with the incorporation of Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD). The addition of AKD aims to enhance thehydrophobicity of the molded pulp, thereby improving its water resistance and overall material performance. Theresearch stages include preliminary preparation of abaca banana stalk fibers, processing of abaca banana stalk fibersinto pulp, mixing of AKD with the pulp, molding of the pulp, and analyzing its mechanical properties andperformance evaluation. The pulp production process was conducted using steam treatment and acid-base hydrolysisreactions. The results indicated that the printed pulp with AKD additive exhibited the following characteristics: apaper thickness of 1.55 mm, a grammage value of 633.27 g/m², a paper density ranging from 404.5 × 10 3g/m3 to419.6 × 10³ g/m³, and a moisture content between 10.34% and 29.21%. The FTIR analysis revealed interactionsbetween cellulose and AKD, characterized by a decrease in the intensity of the –OH absorption band at 3287.5cm-1 , with the peak becoming broader and less sharp. Additionally, the CH-aliphatic absorption shifted from2892.4cm-1 to 2914.8 cm-1 , with the single absorption peak splitting into a weaker double peak. Surface morphology analysisusing SEM revealed changes in the molded pulp’s surface, characterized by a reduction in small pore volume, resulting in a smoother surface morphology. These findings indicate a decrease in the water absorption capacityof the molded pulp. This study demonstrates that modifying abaca banana stalk pulp with AKD enhances the material'shydrophobic properties, thereby providing strong potential for its development as a water-resistant and sustainablebiomass-based food packaging material.