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BIOFOAM FROM TAPIOCA STARCH AND SUGARCANE BAGASSE FIBRE WITH THE ADDITIONOF GLYCEROLPLASTICISER


Author: M. Sirait, N. Siregar, K. Sinulingga, and E.M. Ginting
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Abstract

This study focuses on producing biodegradable foam (biofoam) materials that are easily degradable and non- hazardous to human health. This research aims to develop environmentally friendly biofoam based on tapioca starchand sugarcane bagasse fibre, with the addition of glycerol as a plasticiser, using the thermopressing method. Thevariations in the composition of tapioca starch to sugarcane bagasse fibre used were (100:0)%, (70:30)%, and(60:40)%. The FTIR results revealed the presence of characteristic polysaccharide functional groups such as O–H, C–H, and C–O. Mechanical testing showed an increase in tensile strength and elastic modulus in samples withfiber addition, with the highest elastic modulus value obtained at the (70:30)% composition, reaching 13.258 MPa. Thebiofoam with a (70:30)% composition exhibited the most balanced mechanical and degradation properties, makingthis formulation potentially suitable as a replacement for styrofoam packaging. SEM images indicated that thebiofoam without fiber had a relatively homogeneous surface, while the addition of 30% fiber resulted intheformation of macro pores that were still fairly well distributed. In contrast, the addition of 40%fiber showedagglomeration and large voids that reduced the interfacial bonding between fiber and starch, thereby weakeningthemechanical properties. EDX analysis demonstrated the dominance of C and O elements, along with an increasedpresence of mineral elements (Si, Mg, Na) at higher fiber compositions.

Keywords: Biofoam, Tapioca Starch, Sugarcane






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